Laboratory investigations, molecular studies and longer followup are needed to approach the question of early malignant alterations after augmentation cystoplasty in animals and patients.”
“In
recent years, the widespread use of chlorpyrifos (CPF) has aroused concerns regarding its potential neurotoxic effects, especially in developing individuals. One of the major consequences of CPF exposure is mood disorders such as depression. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated susceptibility to depression in populations with a history of CPF exposure. Our previous study indicated that repeated CPF exposure in doses from 10 to 160 mg/kg elicits depression- and anxiety-like alterations. However, whether this alteration is due to persistent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was not determined. In this study, we used lower doses of CPF to avoid evident inhibition of AChE to investigate PX-478 cell line other potential target systems that contribute to CPF’s neurotoxic
effect. Four-week-old adolescent male rats were repeatedly exposed to CPF at doses of 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg (s.c., 10 days) and then were subjected to either neurobehavioral testing or immunoblot analysis. Depression-like behaviors as manifested by increased immobility time was observed in force swimming test, while immunoblot analysis revealed a dramatically increased phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3 beta) in the hippocampus and striatum, with no effect on the levels of Wnt2, GSK-3
beta, or beta-catenin. Idasanutlin These results suggest a noncholinergic mechanism, the hyper-phosphorylation of GSK-3 beta, which may contribute to the cellular neurotoxicity of CPF, thus increasing the susceptibility to mood disorders. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The ability of microorganisms to assimilate aromatic substances as alternative carbon sources is the basis of biodegradation of natural as well as industrial aromatic compounds. In this study, Corynebacterium glutamicum was grown on benzoate as sole carbon and energy source. To extend the scarce knowledge about physiological PAK6 adaptation processes occurring in this cell compartment, the membrane proteome was investigated under quantitative and qualitative aspects by applying shotgun proteomics to reach a comprehensive survey. Membrane proteins were relatively quantified using an internal standard metabolically labeled with (15)N. Altogether, 40 proteins were found to change their abundance during growth on benzoate in comparison to glucose. A global adaptation was observed in the membrane of benzoate-grown cells, characterized by increased abundance of proteins of the respiratory chain, by a starvation response, and by changes in sulfur metabolism involving the regulator McbR. Additional to the relative quantification, stable isotope-labeled synthetic peptides were used for the absolute quantification of the two benzoate transporters of C. glutamicum, BenK and BenE.