Surprisingly, it was found at comparably high levels in mouse striatum. HDC protein was 10-fold lower in cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Specificity

of HDC detection by Western blot was confirmed using HDC knockout mice. Similar high levels of HDC protein were found in dissected striatum from rat. Striatum does not, however, contain comparably elevated of histamine, relative to other forebrain structures; we confirmed this fact using HPLC. This discrepancy between HDC protein and histamine levels in the striatum suggests that histamine metabolism and neurotransmission in basal ganglia may have unique characteristics, the details of which remain to be elucidated. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved,”
“Weight change in older adults affects physical function (PF). However, data suggest that, conversely, PF may be a determinant of weight change. Our objective was to assess the role of baseline PF as a predictor of selleck chemical 2-year weight loss (WL) and weight gain (WG) >= 5% among healthy well-functioning community-dwelling older adults.

The NuAge cohort (67-84 years) was classified into three groups according to the percent weight change over a 2-year follow-up: weight stable (weight change < 2%; n = 629), WL >= 5% (n = 189), and WG >= 5% (n = 111). A summary measure of baseline PF was computed

(sum of biceps, quadriceps, and grip strength, timed up and go, chair AZD9291 cell line stand, normal and maximal gait speed, and balance performance scores [individual test score range = 0-4]; PF score range = 0-32). Multivariable logistic regression models separately assessed the relationships between baseline PF and 2-year WL and

WG >= 5%.

Baseline PF was worse in both the WL (p < .001) and the WG (p = .001) groups compared with the weight stable group. In models adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, energy intake, depressive symptoms, and other significantly associated covariates, each 1-unit increase in standard deviation of PF was associated with decreased risk Givinostat supplier of either 2-year WL (odds ratio = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.63-0.99, p = .043) or WG (odds ratio = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.55-0.99, p = .041).

Low baseline PF was an independent common predictor of 2-year WL and WG >= 5% in the healthy well-functioning community-dwelling elderly population. Whether PF is an early cause or marker of weight change in this population remains to be determined.”
“Prior work demonstrated that immune surveillance of the brain occurs primarily through the blood-cerebrospinal (CSF) fluid barrier rather than the blood-brain barrier endothelium. Recently, we identified epithelial V-like antigen (EVA), an immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecule, as a regulator of blood-CSF barrier integrity in a mouse model. Here we characterized EVA expression and function in human choroid plexus epithelial cells and analyzed its role in CD4 T lymphocyte adhesion.