In addition, we show how time-dependent acceleration fields can be used to control both the sign and strength of the spherical aberrations. The experimental results are in close agreement with detailed charged particle tracking simulations and can be explained in terms of a simple analytical model. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3544009]“
“Ciprofloxacin is a well-known fluoroquinolone, active in vitro against most Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the ecological effects of an orally administered extended-release

formulation of ciprofloxacin in comparison with an immediate-release formulation of ciprofloxacin on the normal human

intestinal microflora. Thirty-six healthy female subjects were included in the study. The extended-release formulation of ciprofloxacin was given as selleck compound 500 mg once daily and the immediate-release formulation as 250 mg twice daily. The treatment period PARP inhibitor was 3 days. The microbiological investigation was blinded with respect to treatment. Mean fecal concentration in the volunteers receiving the extended-release formulation ciprofloxacin was 453 mg/kg and in the immediate-release formulation ciprofloxacin volunteers, the mean fecal concentration was 392 mg/kg. The numbers of Escherichia coli were significantly suppressed while the enterococci decreased moderately in both treatment groups. No toxigenic Clostridium difficile strains were found. No major differences were observed between the two studied formulations on the normal human intestinal microflora.”
“Objective. A recent innovative use of distraction osteogenesis technique in the field of orthodontic tooth movement is the application of the principle of distraction to move individual tooth segments rapidly, thus reducing orthodontic treatment time.

Study design. Twelve maxillary canine teeth were rapidly retracted using the concept of dentoalveolar see more distraction osteogenesis. They were evaluated for the time required to complete the retraction, canine tipping, anchorage loss, and root resorption using intraoral

radiographs and lateral cephalograms. The vitality of the canine was also evaluated using an electric pulp tester.

Results. Canines can be rapidly retracted by dentoalveolar distraction, and subsequently the total orthodontic treatment time can be reduced as described in this technique. The time taken is 12.5 +/- 0.50 days with a minimal amount of tipping and acceptable amount of anchorage loss. All the teeth were vital with no evidence of root resorption.

Conclusion. The concept of distraction osteogenesis for rapid orthodontic tooth movement is thought to be promising and feasible for clinical practice. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010; 109: 687-693)”
“We describe a time-resolved monitoring technique for heterogeneous media.