This behaviour is associated with the specific diffusion mechanisms of Ag and Co: while Ag diffuses preferentially via substitutional sites, diffusion

of Co is dominated by interstitial jumps. The existence of so-called non-equilibrium interfaces in UFG Ti, providing an increased density of traps for the interstitially diffusing Co and simultaneously enhancing substitutionally diffusion of Ag, is confirmed by the diffusion measurements. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3650230]“
“Serologic evidence suggests that West Nile virus (WNV) is widely distributed in horses in southern Africa. However, because few neurologic cases have been reported, endemic lineage 2 strains were postulated to be nonpathogenic in horses. Recent evidence suggests that highly neuroinvasive HM781-36B cost lineage 2 strains exist in humans and mice. To determine whether neurologic cases are being missed in southern Africa, we tested 80 serum or brain specimens from horses with unexplained fever (n = 48) and/or neurologic signs (n = 32) for WNV. From March 2007 through June 2008, using reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and immunoglobulin (lg) M ELISA, we found WNV RNA or IgM in 7/32 horses with

acute neurologic disease; 5 horses died or were euthanized. In 5/7 horses, no other pathogen was detected. CCI-779 molecular weight DNA sequencing for all 5 RT-PCR-positive cases showed the virus belonged to lineage 2. WNV lineage 2 may cause neurologic disease in horses in southern Africa.”
“Extracts containing mature Rhizopus oryzae lipase overexpressed in Pichia pastoris (rROL) and commercial ones from the native microorganism (nROL) have been characterized. The specific activity of rROL extract was more than 40-fold higher than nROL. The presence of multiple bands of lipases around 34 kDa was detected by western blot and zymogram analysis in both extracts. Nevertheless, rROL showed a slightly lower molecular weight than nROL.

The presence of hydrolytic activity not recognised as derived from a lipase was also detected in nROL at higher molecular weights.

The influence of the ionic strength on lipase activity was assayed and there was an effect both on pH and optimal temperature. Some differences were found between the two extracts. The specificity against triacylglycerol esters and p-nitrophenol substrates was also analyzed. Similar behaviour was noted towards triacylglycerol VS-6063 esters; however rROL showed opposite behaviour compared to nROL towards p-nitrophenol esters with preferences for long chain derivatives.

The properties of rROL were partially different from those reported for nROL showing the influence of the pre-pro-sequence of ROL, the post-translational modifications of Pichia pastoris and the effect of an esterase in nROL powder. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of various solvents on the crystallinity and thermal expansion stability of PLA film.