However, total soluble sugar content showed a slight decrease in all AMF treated plantlets. The colchicine content was also determined in the tubers of different AMF treated plants by HPLC using the same retention time (1.5 min) as that of the standard colchicine. The higher colchicine content was extracted from the tubers of A. laevis+G. mosseae inoculated plants. It can be concluded that inoculation of appropriate AM fungi during the initial period of the acclimatization phase showed stimulatory effects for achieving better growth and survival of micropropagated plantlets.

(C) 2012 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved.”
“Ramie/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) laminated composites were fabricated by the compression molding. To improve the mechanical properties of this type of GNS-1480 Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor composites, a cyclic load pre-treatment was performed. Ramie plain woven fabrics as the reinforcing material were pre-treated under wet state by cyclic tensile loading several times. The results showed that the

fabrics treated by 70% level of the mean fracture load of the untreated ones with 10 cycles had the largest improvement of 38% in tensile strength. As to the mechanical properties of ramie/PLA laminated composites, the Sapitinib treated fabric reinforced composites had 35% higher tensile strength, 32% higher Young’s modulus, 20% higher flexural strength and 17% higher flexural modulus than the untreated ones. The X-ray diffraction diagrams indicated that there was no distinct difference in crystallinity and crystalline orientation. The improvement of fabric mechanical properties is likely resulted from the increased orientation of molecules in the fibers and that of the fibers in the yarns. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and biogenic VOCs (BVOCs), in particular, are a major topic in food science and technology. They play an important role in the perception of odor and flavor and, thus, in food appreciation. Their fast, non-invasive detection helps to control Nepicastat supplier product quality and to monitor fundamental and industrial

processes. Furthermore, there is increasing concern about the impact of VOCs and BVOCs from food production on our environment and health.

In this contribution, we discuss food-related applications of proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), an emerging technique that allows direct, fast, sensitive monitoring of VOCs. After introducing the principles of PTR-MS, we review its applications in food science and technology, highlighting its capabilities from using complete mass spectra as characteristic fingerprints all the way to identifying and quantifying single compounds in a complex food matrix. We end with a description of fundamental studies from food sciences and outline new opportunities offered by recent technological advances. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.