44 1996) at lower noise exposure levels, while at higher noise intensities less hearing loss than predicted was observed (Rabinowitz et al. 2007). In the current study, individual noise exposure intensities are assigned based on job titles. This may have been too simplistic. It does not take into account that exposure may vary extensively between workers and over time. The diversity in specific tasks and the variety of equipment used at different workplaces introduces uncertainty in the calculations of noise exposure

(Passchier-Vermeer 1986; Rabinowitz et al. 2007). As a consequence, the resulting {Selleck Anti-infection Compound Library|Selleck Antiinfection Compound Library|Selleck Anti-infection Compound Library|Selleck Antiinfection Compound Library|Selleckchem Anti-infection Compound Library|Selleckchem Antiinfection Compound Library|Selleckchem Anti-infection Compound Library|Selleckchem Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|buy Anti-infection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library ic50|Anti-infection Compound Library price|Anti-infection Compound Library cost|Anti-infection Compound Library solubility dmso|Anti-infection Compound Library purchase|Anti-infection Compound Library manufacturer|Anti-infection Compound Library research buy|Anti-infection Compound Library order|Anti-infection Compound Library mouse|Anti-infection Compound Library chemical structure|Anti-infection Compound Library mw|Anti-infection Compound Library molecular weight|Anti-infection Compound Library datasheet|Anti-infection Compound Library supplier|Anti-infection Compound Library in vitro|Anti-infection Compound Library cell line|Anti-infection Compound Library concentration|Anti-infection Compound Library nmr|Anti-infection Compound Library in vivo|Anti-infection Compound Library clinical trial|Anti-infection Compound Library cell assay|Anti-infection Compound Library screening|Anti-infection Compound Library high throughput|buy Antiinfection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library ic50|Antiinfection Compound Library price|Antiinfection Compound Library cost|Antiinfection Compound Library solubility dmso|Antiinfection Compound Library purchase|Antiinfection Compound Library manufacturer|Antiinfection Compound Library research buy|Antiinfection Compound Library order|Antiinfection Compound Library chemical structure|Antiinfection Compound Library datasheet|Antiinfection Compound Library supplier|Antiinfection Compound Library in vitro|Antiinfection Compound Library cell line|Antiinfection Compound Library concentration|Antiinfection Compound Library clinical trial|Antiinfection Compound Library cell assay|Antiinfection Compound Library screening|Antiinfection Compound Library high throughput|Anti-infection Compound high throughput screening| estimates are not accurate enough to obtain a reliable dose–effect relationship. Although the majority of the noise level estimates used in this study are mainly based upon carefully conducted sound level measurements and/or on personal dosimetry, noise levels are determined during a limited period of time. Therefore, the noise estimations are only samples and this limited sampling in complex and variable job situations, may have resulted in less accurate estimations. Finally, the present noise exposure levels are also used Ferroptosis inhibitor as estimations of past exposure. Noise exposure levels

of the Temsirolimus in vitro construction workers may have varied considerably over their career. Regression analyses show only a small effect of prior employment on hearing, but the changes within jobs overtime may have limited the validity of the noise intensity estimations. All these uncertainties in noise level estimations may have obscured a clear dose–effect relationship for the individual construction worker. However,

for groups of workers with a sufficient number of employees, we may assume that most of the uncertainties ADAMTS5 mentioned above, e.g. the day-to-day variability and variations between individual workers, will be averaged out. Although the relations found in such an approach may be prone to some bias, we did not expect to find such a weak dose–effect relationship. Attenuation of noise exposure from the use of hearing protection might partly explain the lack of the typical dose–response effect between noise level and hearing loss as well (Rabinowitz et al. 2007). The use of HPDs can cause inaccuracy in individual noise exposure estimation. This may have resulted in an overestimation of hearing loss for HPD users at noise intensities exceeding 90 dB(A), at which a higher percentage of usage is reported. For this reason, stratified analysis for subgroups of HPD users are performed. The interpretation the results of the HPD users is difficult because data on the effectiveness of hearing protection and the consistency of wearing are unknown. But also for the non-users the results do not show the expected relationship of noise intensity and hearing loss (Fig. 3).