62 mu mol/l). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that SAA at the doses of 1 and 3 mg/kg significantly decreased sEH protein expression in hippocampus CA1 region of MCAO rats. In conclusion, cerebral protection of SAA is mediated, at least in part, via inhibiting sEH to increase EETs levels.”
“Contents Glucocorticoids (GCs) as mediators of the stress response may affect Leydig cell function by inhibiting Selleck Cilengitide either luteinizing hormone receptor expression or testosterone biosynthesis. The isozymes 11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11HSD) 1 and 11HSD2 control the intracellular cortisol levels. Little is known about the effects of stress on fertility in the equine. The objective of the present study
was to determine the presence and cellular localization of glucocorticoid receptors (GCR) and glucocorticoid-metabolizing enzymes (11HSD1 and 11HSD2) in equine epididymal and testicular tissue with special regard to sexual maturation. Testicular and epididymal tissue was collected from 21 healthy stallions, and four age groups were designed: pre-pubertal, young, mature and older horses. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were
used. Pre-pubertal horses showed higher testicular gene expression LY294002 PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitor of 11HSD1, 11HSD2 and GCR than horses of all other groups (p< 0.05). A positive intranuclear immunoreaction for GCR was seen in epithelial cells of caput, corpus and cauda epididymidis and in Leydig cells. Significant differences (p<0.05) between age groups occurred. The number of Leydig cells staining positive for GCR was highest in immature stallions (p<0.05). The enzyme 11HSD1 was localized in epithelial cells of the caput and BEZ235 inhibitor corpus epididymidis and in Leydig cells. As determined by enzyme assay, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependant dehydrogenase (oxidation) activity was not detected in testicular tissue from immature stallions but in all other age groups (n=3 per group). Results of this study suggest a contribution of GCs to maturation of male reproductive
tissue in horses. In mature stallions, expression of 11HSD enzymes and the oxidative 11HSD activity in Leydig cells and epididymal basal and principal cells suggest a protective role on these tissues contributing to physiological intracellular glucocorticoid concentrations.”
“In the present study, we investigated antimicrobial activity of Glycyrrhiza uralensis against various strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (KCCM 11812, 40510, 40512). Glycyrrhiza uralensis was extracted by 80% MeOH and fractionated by organic solutions. The extract and fractions showed antimicrobial activity against standard S. aureus as well as MRSA. In the minimum inhibitory concentration test, G. uralensis showed 0.25 mg mL-1 in hexane fraction and 0.10-0.12 mg mL-1 in chloroform fraction.