All analyses were performed on logarithmic means using SAS/STAT® software Selleckchem GSK1210151A (Version 9 of the SAS System for Windows, SAS Institute Inc.) and all hypotheses were tested at a two-sided 0.05 level of significance. Of the 36 dogs enrolled in the study, 21 were male and 15 were female (Placebo = 5 males and 7 females; Interceptor = 8 males and 4 females; Sentinel = 8 males and 4 females). Dogs treated with Interceptor or Sentinel received a mean milbemycin oxime dose of 0.57 ± 0.08 and 0.57 ± 0.05 mg/kg, respectively. All dogs were reported as

being over 10 months of age and the weight ranged from 4.7 to 21.3 kg two days prior to dosing (weight used to determine dose). There were no significant differences in body weights GW3965 datasheet between treatment groups. Breeds represented were variable and included purebred and mixed Alsatians (German Shepherds), South African Boerboels, Border Collies,

Chihuahuas, Dachshunds, Dobermans, Greyhounds, Labradors, Maltese, Ridgebacks, Rottweilers and Terriers. Adult worms other than A. braziliense that were identified during necropsy included A. caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala, Trichuris vulpis, Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Dipylidium caninum, Taenia spp. and Echinococcus granulosus. Efficacy against these parasites was consistent with label indications. Of the 12 dogs in the placebo control group, seven had more than 20 A. braziliense isolated at necropsy and 10 had more than five isolated at necropsy (range 10–100) indicating the presence of an adequate infection in the study dogs. Statistically, both milbemycin treatment groups had significantly (p < 0.0001) fewer A. braziliense isolated at necropsy when compared to the placebo control group. All surviving A. braziliense were isolated from the small intestines. The calculated efficacy based on geometric means was 98.02% for the Interceptor® group

and 94.91% for the Sentinel® group ( Table 1). Despite careful and frequent Mirabegron observations of the study animals, no adverse events, abnormal clinical observations, or abnormal health observations were observed during the study. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in body weight change between groups. Macrocyclic lactones have excellent antihelmintic activity and have been shown to be effective against hookworm infections in dogs and cats (Anderson and Roberson, 1982, Blagburn et al., 1992, Niamatali et al., 1992, Nolan et al., 1992 and Six et al., 2000). Milbemycin oxime is a macrocyclic lactone that is efficacious against infections of A. caninum ( Blagburn et al., 1992 and Niamatali et al., 1992), but no studies have been done specifically investigating effectiveness against A. braziliense, as has been done for other compounds ( Robinson et al., 1976 and Anderson and Roberson, 1982).