Cancer Res; 70(5); 1960-9. (C)2010 AACR.”
“To communicate with animals, plants use signals that are distinct from their surroundings. Animals generally learn to use these signals through associative conditioning; however, signals are most effective when they elicit innate behavioural responses. Many plant species have flowers specialized for pollination by ground-dwelling mammals, but

the signals used to attract these pollinators have not been elucidated. Here, we demonstrate the chemical basis for attraction of mammal pollinators to flowers of the dioecious parasitic plant PI3K inhibitor Cytinus visseri (Cytinaceae). Two aliphatic ketones dominate the scent of this species; 3-hexanone, which elicits strong innate attraction in rodents, and 1-hexen-3-one, which repels them in isolation, but not in combination with 3-hexanone. The aliphatic ketone-dominated scent of C. visseri contrasts with those of insect-pollinated plants, which are typically dominated by terpenoids, aromatic or non-ketone aliphatic compounds. 3-hexanone

is also known from some bat-pollinated species, suggesting independent evolution of plant signals in derived, highly specialized mammal-pollination systems.”
“Background: Bleeding complications occur in one-third of percutaneous kidney biopsies and increase costs of the hospital stay. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of prebiopsy administration of desmopressin acetate versus placebo in the incidence of postbiopsy bleeding complications.\n\nStudy GSK2879552 Design: Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial.\n\nSetting & Participants: We enrolled all patients with serum creatinine level <= 1.5 mg/dL and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and normal coagulation parameters undergoing ultrasound-guided biopsy of the native kidney in our unit from August 2008 to December 2009.\n\nIntervention: We examined prebiopsy subcutaneous administration of desmopressin acetate, 0.3 mu g/kg, compared

with placebo.\n\nOutcomes & Measurements: The primary outcome was incidence of bleeding complications. Secondary outcomes were hematoma size, postbiopsy hemoglobin level, coagulation parameters, glomerular filtration rate, blood pressure, and length LY411575 cell line of hospital stay.\n\nResults: 162 adult patients (88 men and 74 women) were enrolled; 80 were allocated to desmopressin treatment, and 82, to the placebo group. Desmopressin compared with placebo significantly decreased the risk of postbiopsy bleeding (11 of 80 [13.7%] vs 25 of 82 [30.5%]; relative risk, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.24-0.85; P = 0.01), hematoma size (median, 208 [25th-75th percentile, 120-300] vs 380 [25th-75th percentile, 270-570]mm(2); P = 0.006] in the 36 patients who experienced bleeding, and mean hospital stay (4.9 +/- 1.1 vs 5.9 +/- 1.7 days; P = 0.004); postbiopsy hemoglobin levels were not affected significantly in either group.