coli β-galactosidase. The identities of all strain constructs were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Construction of the ΔompC::kan E. coli To construct an E. coli strain defective in OmpC production, we chose JW2203 from the Keio collection (CGSC#9781), which carries the desired ΔompC768::kan Selleckchem NSC23766 mutation [45], as our donor strain for P1 transduction. However, for some unknown reasons, we were unable to successfully P1-transduce the chromosomal region containing the ΔompC768::kan mutation into our XL1 Blue strain. To further our goal of determining the effect of phage morphology on plaque size, we constructed the strain IN731 by P1-transducing the mutation into
the recipient Tofacitinib strain SYP124, which is essentially the strain MG1655 but carrying the necessary ω-fragment expressed from lcaZΔM15 (unpublished data). Plaque size was determined by https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pu-h71.html plating
on SYP124 and its ΔompC counterpart, IN731. Standard PCR and DNA sequencing Standard PCR reactions were performed using the following conditions: one cycle of 95°C for 1 min, followed by 30 cycles of 95°C for 30 s, 50°C for 30 s, and 72°C for several minutes, depending on the template size (using an extension of 1 min/Kb). PfuUltra (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA), a high-fidelity thermostable DNA polymerase, was used for amplification. The BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing kit (v3.1; ABI) was used for DNA sequencing according to the manufacturer’s recommendation. Phage plating To minimize variation, all plating conditions were
standardized. A total of ~100 phages were mixed with fresh 100 μL of E. coli cells, prepared by two-fold dilution Methamphetamine of overnight culture and grown at 37°C for 90 min in TB medium (5 g NaCl and 10 g Tryptone in 1 L H2O), and then incubated at room temperature for 20 min for pre-adsorption. In our experience, >90% of phages would be adsorbed onto the cells during the pre-adsorption period. The mixture was then mixed with 3 mL of molten H-top agar with IPTG and X-gal and overlaid on plates containing 40 mL LB-agar. Both the LB plates and the H-top agar were freshly prepared a few hours before use. The plates were then incubated for 18-22 h at 37°C before plaque size determination [17]. In our experience, the plaques would have reached their maximum size within this incubation period. Determination of phage adsorption rate The protocol for adsorption rate determination, which is essentially the same as that used by Schlesinger [51], has been described previously [17]. Briefly, ~4.5 × 104 phages were mixed with 10 mL of E. coli XL1 Blue stationary phase cells (grown at 37°C for overnight in TB medium of 1% tryptone and 0.5% NaCl) in a flask with constant shaking (250 rpm/min) at 37°C.