Health-care providers should screen for UP at an A-1155463 purchase early stage and offer health education programs to help women to develop positive health practices and to improve their emotional health.”
“SETTING: Tuberculosis (TB) treatment centres in southern Ethiopia.
OBJECTIVES: To describe the outcomes of patients registered for anti-tuberculosis treatment and to identify factors associated with poor treatment outcome.
DESIGN: Retrospective audit of patients registered from 2002 to 2007. Patients were categorised as having successful (cured or completed treatment) or poor treatment
outcome (failed treatment, defaulted or died). Logistic regressions were used to identify risk factors for poor outcome.
RESULTS: A total of 6547 patients (55.6% male, 44.4% female) with a mean age of 27.5 years were registered for treatment; 2873 (43.9%) were smear-positive, 2493 (30.1%) smear-negative and 1157 (17.7%) had extra-pulmonary TB. Most (n = 6033, 92%) were new cases; 4900 (74.8%) had a successful and 1095 (16.7%) a poor treatment outcome.
Of those with a poor outcome, 667 (60.9%) patients defaulted, 404 (36.9%) died and 24 (2.2%) failed treatment. Attending the regional capital health centre (aOR 2.09, 95%CI 1.85-2.69), being on retreatment (aOR 2.07, 95%CI 1.47-2.92), having a positive smear at the second month follow-up (aOR 1.68, 95%CI 1.07-2.63), having smear-negative Bcl-2 cleavage pulmonary TB (aOR 1.62, 95%CI 1.4-1.86), age >55 years (aOR 1.44, 95%CI 1.12-1.86) and being male
(aOR 1.24, 95%CI 1.09-1.42) were independent risk factors for poor outcome.
CONCLUSION: Treatment outcome was suboptimal and targeted measures should be considered to reduce the rate of poor treatment outcome among high-risk groups.”
“Aim: To evaluate pelvic floor muscle (PFM) function and its association with urinary symptoms in the third trimester of pregnancy. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 91 nulliparous women at 3034 weeks of pregnancy. PFM was evaluated by surface electromyography (sEMG) and manual muscle testing, while urinary symptoms were identified by interview. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests see more were used to analyze proportions and MannWhitney test was used to analyze differences in means. Results: Average sEMG values were 4.8 mu V for basic tonus (BT), 19.2 mu V for maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), and 12.9 mu V for average sustained contraction (ASC), and 48.4% presented muscle strength grade 3. Nocturia was reported by 80.2%, followed by increased daytime frequency (59.3%), stress urinary incontinence (50.5%), and urge urinary incontinence (25.3%). No association was found between urinary symptoms and MVC or ASC or PFM manual tested strength. Conclusion: No association was observed between PFM function and urinary incontinence, except decreased BT among late third trimester pregnant women with irritative bladder symptoms.