However, no clear-cut remedy exists for the fibrotic condition itself,

besides a few drugs that have recently entered clinical trials. IL-8 is a cytokine that plays an important role in inflammation, tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Although high serum IL-8 level in cirrhotic patients was reported previously, no studies have been done to elucidate the role of IL-8 in development of the disease. Therefore, we investigated the roles of IL-8 and its receptor CXCR2 in development of liver fibrosis. Methods: IL-8 transgenic (IL-8 Tg) mice and CXCR2-heterozygous knockout (Het) mice in C57BL/6 background were subjected to the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-medi-ated cirrhosis induction protocol for 8 find more weeks. After 6, 8, and 11 weeks, mice were sacrificed and various organs, including the liver, were examined by RT-PCR, sirius red staining, and immunohistochemical

analyses. Results: Sirius red-positive area in the liver was significantly higher in IL-8 Tg mice (p<0.001 at 6 and 11 weeks) and lower in CXCR2-Het mice (all p<0.001 at 6, 8, and 11 selleck chemicals llc weeks) compared to wild type control mice. Excess collagen deposits were observed in the periphery of branches of the portal vein in IL-8 Tg mice. At 6th and 8th weeks, mRNA expression level of the profibrogenic markers (collagen α1, collagen α2, smooth muscle actin (SMA), Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, TGF-β1) was lower in CXCR2-Het mice than in wild type (WT) and IL-8 Tg mice (p<0.05 except TIMP1). At 11th week (3 weeks after discontinuing CCl4 MCE公司 injection at 8th week), mRNA expression level of the profibrogenic markers was markedly higher in IL-8 Tg mice than in CXCR2-Het and WT mice (all p<0.001). In addition, immunohistochemical analyses of lymphatics and blood vessels showed a profound increase in the number and the size of

lymphatics in IL-8 Tg mice. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that inhibition of CXCR2 attenuates the progression of liver cirrhosis, and that high level expression of IL-8 significantly delays recovery of the disease. Disclosures: The following people have nothing to disclose: Eun Young Cho, Yong Suk Lee, Young Kwon Hong, Nam Yoon Kim, Sun Ju Lee, Kyu Eui Kim, Dongwon Choi, Ha Neul Lee, Yong Han Paik Natural killer (NK) cells have been implicated in inducing fibrosis remission in mice model; however, their roles in fibrotic progression remain to be elucidated in liver fibrosis (LC) patients. We comprehensively characterized peripheral and intrahep-atic NK cells in 50 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and 68 HBV-associated LC patients as well as 35 healthy subjects (HC).