Other vertebral deformities not counted as fractures were uncommon; seven men (2.1%) had posttraumatic deformities and three men (0.9%) had deformities likely due to degenerative disease. Lytic lesions were found in two men (0.6%). In the 50 men with DISH who had fractures, 70% (35/50) were localized at either T12 or L1 while most other fractures occurred at the lumbar spine (Fig. 1). This distribution

of spinal fracture sites was similar to that seen in men without DISH. H 89 research buy Interrelationships of DISH, bone mineral density measurements, and fractures Lumbar spine DISH PLX3397 order according to the Mata criteria were as follows: 123/178 (69%) subjects showed no relevant signs of lumbar DISH, 34 (19%) had moderate, and 21 (12%) severe lumbar ossifications at the L1-3 levels (Table 3). To further explore the association of DISH and vertebral fracture, we used linear regression to quantify the relationship between lumbar DISH severity and densitometry (Table 3; Fig. 2). Men with moderate and severe lumbar DISH had an average DXA BMD score that was 0.12 and 0.23 g/cm2 higher than those with no lumbar ossifications (+12% and +22%, both, p < 0.0001), respectively NU7441 (Fig. 2a). When assessed by QCT, BMD values were also higher for each grade of severity, but only differences between severe vs no lumbar DISH were significant (+0.033 g/cm3, +31%, p < 0.0001)

(Fig. 2b). Within the DISH subgroups, fracture prevalence was not associated with the grade of lumbar DISH; 30% (37/123) of the men with DISH with no lumbar manifestation had vertebral fractures, 24% (eight out of 34) of those with moderate lumbar manifestation had fractures, and 24% (five out of 21) of those with

severe lumbar manifestation had fractures. Table 3 Influence of lumbar DISH on DXA BMD and QCT BMD DXA vs QCT DXA BMD mean ± SD (g/cm2) QCT BMD mean ± SD BMD (g/cm3) Lumbar DISH grade 0 (n = 123) 1.03 ± 0.16 0.104 ± 0.034 Lumbar DISH grade I (n = 34) 1.14 ± 0.17 0.110 ± 0.033 Lumbar DISH Forskolin in vitro grade II (n = 21) 1.25 ± 0.21 0.141 ± 0.043 Results of lumbar densitometry in the DISH subgroup (total n = 178) according to severity of lumbar hyperostosis (according to Mata score [12]) Fig. 2 Boxplots of BMD values obtained with DXA (a) and QCT (b) in relation to severity of lumbar DISH. Severity of lumbar manifestations of DISH-related paravertebral calcifications were graded using the Mata score for the segments L1-L3. Mata score 0–3 was graded as no lumbar DISH (n = 123), Mata score 4–6 = moderate lumbar DISH (n = 34), and Mata score >7 = severe lumbar DISH (n = 21). * Significant differences Among men who had both DISH and fractures, mean QCT BMD values were 25% lower than men with DISH, but no vertebral fractures when assessed by QCT (0.09 ± 0.03 vs 0.12 ± 0.04, p < 0.05), and 5% lower BMD when assessed by DXA (1.04 ± 0.16 vs 1.10 ± 0.19, p = 0.057) (Table 4).