The method involves the destruction of the patient’s immune system and also the autoimmune process which is the main pathomechanism in type 1 diabetes mellitus. As soon as the autoaggressive mechanism is stopped, pancreatic cells might be able to resume secretion of sufficient amounts of insulin to maintain normal glucose level [165]. Allotropic human adipose tissue derived, insulin-making mesenchymal SCs (h-AD-MSC) have been transfused check details with unfractionated cultured BM in insulinopenic DM patients without side effects. Furthermore, an appreciable insulin requirement decrease has been

observed [166]. Neurological disorders Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ASL) is caused by the progressive death of central and peripheral motor neurons. The subjects affected by ALS show a severe motor dysfunction. In several cases the mutation of the superoxide dismutase gene is inherited, but often its origin is unknown. ALS is not a typical AD because autoimmune and inflammatory abnormalities are not an selleck compound etiological cause of the disease, even if they influence its progression. The therapeutic strategy, used for ALS, is intended to protect neurons from degeneration and to stimulate cell regeneration. At the moment, no drug treatment restores the neural cells. SCs therapy is a promising JPH203 strategy that

can combine neuroprotection with the recovery of the neuromotor function [167]. Intrathecal injection of selected HSC or MSC have resulted safe and have afforded a partial neurological function improvement in patients with severe ALS [168, 169]. Ex vivo expanded AHSC spinal injection, in patients with severe impairment of the lower limb by ALS, has also showed cell number-related improvement of general condition, i.e. a deceleration of the leg muscular strength loss and a respiratory function decline. Side effects, such as intercostal Metalloexopeptidase pain or dysesthesia have only been slight and reversible, but they sometimes persist after 2 years from treatment

[170]. AHSCT into the frontal motor cortex in ALS patients has delayed the disease progression and has improved the quality of life [171]. Many cases of ALS patients, treated with autologous SCs (mesenchymal and hematopoietic) and injection (intraspinal thoracic or in motor cortex), have been reported. A deceleration of forced vital capacity linearly declines and an improvement in functionality has been described, probably due to an immunomodulatory effect [172]. Parkinson’s disease Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder caused by selective and gradual loss of nigrostriatal dopamine-containing neurons [112]. Dopaminergic neurons are localized in the substantia nigra pars compacta and project on to striatum. A degeneration of these cells leads to neural circuit anomaly in the basal ganglia that regulate movement.