This CQ aims to determine the efficacy of a protein restricted diet in delaying the progression to end-stage kidney disease and its impact on growth in children. Several RCTs have shown that protein restriction
is not effective to slow the progression of renal dysfunction in children with CKD. Considering the recommendation Adavosertib ic50 of the KDOQI guidelines, it is reasonable to assume that the target level of INCB024360 concentration Dietary protein intake in children with CKD should follow the Recommendation for Japanese Dietary Intakes by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (Table 15). However, it should be noted that this recommendation means a virtual protein restriction because spontaneous dietary protein intake in children with CKD is far in excess of the average requirements, typically 150–200 % of the recommended dietary allowance. In addition, protein restriction may have a beneficial effect on renal dysfunction IWR-1 clinical trial in children if adequate nutritional management is provided by a dietitian who has expertise in pediatric and renal nutrition. It should also be noted that protein restriction is necessary to control hyperphosphatemia and severe azotemia in advanced CKD, as it ameliorates blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratios.
In regard to growth, there was no significant difference in height between the protein-restricted versus control groups in most relevant RCTs. Table 15 Protein intake in children (g/day) from The Recommendation for Japanese Dietary Intakes 2010 (http://www.mhlw.go.jp/bunya/kenkou/sessyu-kijun.html) Age Boys Girls Recommended amount Adequate amount Recommended amount Adequate amount 0–5 months 10 10 6–8 months 15 15 9–11 months 25 25 1–2 years 20 20 3–5 years 25 25 6–7 years 30 30 8–9 years 40 40 10–11 years 45 45 12–17 years
60 55 Bibliography 1. Uauy RD, et al. Pediatr Nephrol. 1994;8:45–50. (Level 2) 2. Kist-van Holthe tot Echten JE, et al. Arch Dis Child. 1993;68:371–5. (Level 2) 3. Hattori M, et al. J Jpn Pediatr Soc. 1992;96:1046–57. (Level 4) 4. Jureidini KF, et al. Pediatr Nephrol. 1990;4:1–10. (Level 4) 5. Wingen AM, et al. Lancet. 1997;349:1117–23. (Level 2) Is salt SPTLC1 restriction recommended to slow the progression of renal dysfunction in children with CKD? Salt restriction is recommended for adult CKD with and without hypertension because it reduces urinary protein excretion and protects the renal function in adult CKD. In children, the major cause of CKD is congenital anomalies of the kidney and the urinary tract (CAKUT) with polyuric, salt-wasting nephropathy. This CQ aims to determine if salt restriction slows the progression of renal dysfunction in pediatric CKD and if sodium and water supplementation has beneficial effects on polyuric, salt-wasting forms of CAKUT.