7.13.3), and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (EC 6.3.2.19). Many enzymes in the latter cases are large protein complexes, or large paralogue groups, and enzymes acting on macromolecules (such as DNA, RNA and proteins). The Enzyme List began before the accumulation of amino acid sequence data. Researchers
who find new enzymes are encouraged to contact to IUBMB to report them. When registering new enzymes, required information is mostly reaction based, such as proposed sub-subclass, accepted name, synonyms, reaction catalyzed, co-factor requirements, brief comment on specificity, other comments and references. There are many EC numbers that are not used for genome annotation because of the lack of sequence information. Among the 4150 EC numbers, 1454 (35%) do click here not correspond to any sequence data in KEGG nor UniProt. Some of these EC numbers
were determined before the establishment of GenBank, but other EC numbers were determined after that, although the sequence information remains unregistered for some reason. We suggest that the learn more Enzyme List should include more information about enzyme proteins, such as a sequence database identifier (if any is available), source organism name and taxonomy identifier (if any is available). At the same time, there should be a clear distinction between the original EC number given to an experimentally characterized enzyme in a specific organism and the deduced EC numbers given to other organisms based Amylase on sequence similarity. This would facilitate stronger links between the genomic and metabolomic information, and greatly enhance the utility of the Enzyme List. The quality of genome and chemical annotation determines the quality of theoretically and experimentally reconstructed biological networks, which in turn contribute to various studies on human health, environmental biology, etc. As the number of published experimental
evidences increases, it is becoming more important to attach quantitative and qualitative descriptors to genome annotations and databases. As the number of published studies containing experimental evidence of new enzymes, metabolites and gene interactions is continually increasing, it becomes vital to attach quantitative and qualitative descriptors to genome annotations and integrate them into existing databases None of the authors have any conflict of interest. The computational resources were provided by the Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University. The KEGG project is supported by the Institute for Bioinformatics Research and Development of the Japan Science and Technology Agency, and a grant-in-aid for scientific research on the priority area ‘Comprehensive Genomics’ from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. “
“During the year 2012 about one million scientific papers were published and entered into the literature database Pubmed (Sayers et al., 2011).