aureus strains collected from in and around Bengaluru and three other cities in India, and determine their toxins and virulence factors.
In this article, MRSA and MSSA collected either from HA- and CA-infections or carriages were characterized using the microarray system developed by Clonediag® which detects 300 alleles of the S. aureus genome [14]. This characterization complemented those obtained by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), PCR to confirm the SCCmec type, toxin gene ICG-001 concentration content, and antibiograms. The two already-reported ST22 and ST772 clones were detected as MSSA and MRSA. The spreading of ST8 along with an emerging clone of PVL-negative ST672 among Indian CA-MRSA is being reported in this study. The Indian MSSA clones identified
were much more Selleckchem Tipifarnib diverse and were different from the MRSA clones, except for ST8 and 672 which were detected in both MRSA and MSSA groups. The livestock-associated ST398 related clone (ST291) is reported for the first time in two MSSA isolates. Results Carrier and disease S. aureus isolates Carrier (38) and disease (30) isolates were collected from rural, urban out patient and urban in patient environments and analysis is presented in Table 1. Table 1 Molecular characteristics of MSSA/MRSA clones from carriers and disease isolates CC/ST N (%) Carrier/Disease isolates N/N MRSA N (%) Carrier/Disease, N SCCmec type spa types (MRSA/MSSA) agr
type PVL genes N (%) tst-1 N (%) egc N (%) Other genes (N) Capsular type CC22-ST22 19 (28) 8/11 13 (68) IV t852 (13/0) I 19 (100) 0/19 19 (100) sec, sel (1) 5 4/9 t005 (0/5) sea, seb (1) t2986 (0/1) CC1-ST772 13 (19) 7/6 9 (69) V t657 (5 /1) II 13 (100) 0 13 (100) sea, sec, sel (5) 5 4/5 t3387 1 (2/0) sea, see (3) t1387 (1/0) sea (3) t1839 (0/1) sea, seb (1) t1998 (0/1) sea, sec, sel, see (1) t3596 (1/0) t345 (0/1) CC121-ST120 7 (10) 4/3 0 t3204 (0/2) IV 7 (100) 0 7 (100) sec (3), sea, seb,sec (1) 8 t1999 (0/2) seb,sec (1) t159 (0/3) ST672 below 4 (6) 2/2 2 (50) V t1309 (2/0) I 0 0 4 (100) sea, seb (1), sea (1) 8 0/2 t3840 (0/1) t3841 (0/1) CC45-ST45 4 (6) 3/1 0 t939 (0/1) I 2 0 0 4 (100) sec, sel (1) 8 t4074 (0/2) t3537 (0/1) CC5-ST5 4 (6) 4/0 0 t442 (0/3) II 1 (25) 0 4 (100) sea, sed, ser (1) 5 t3597 (0/1) see, sed, ser (1) see (1), edinB (1) CC8-ST1208 3 (4.4) 1/2 3 (100) V t064 (3/0) I 1 (33) 0 0 sea, seb, sek, seq,see (2) 5 1/2 sea, seb, sek, seq (1) ST72 1 (1.5) 1/0 0 t148 (0/1) I 1 (100) 1 (100) 1 (100) sec, sel (1) 5 CC30-ST30 4 (6) 1/3 1 (25) IV t021 (1/3) III 4 (100) 0 4 (100) sea, seb (2) 8 1/0 sea (1) ST39 1 (1.