Objective: The objective

was to investigate whether a long sensory exposure, due to differences in means of consumption and in viscosity, enhances learned associations between sensory signals and metabolic consequences and hence facilitates energy intake compensation. Design: A total of 105 healthy young adults with a mean (+/- SD) age of 22 +/- 3 y and a body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 21.6 +/- 1.7 participated in a parallel intervention in 3 groups: liquid yogurt with a straw (liquid/straw; n = 34), liquid yogurt with a spoon (liquid/spoon; n = 36), or semisolid yogurt with a spoon (semisolid/spoon; n = 35). Novel flavored yogurts were offered ad libitum for breakfast in 2 energy densities: low (approximate to 215 kJ/100 g) and high (approximate to 600 kJ/100 g). Subjects were repeatedly exposed to the yogurt products (10 times), and yogurt intake was measured. Results: Intakes (P = 0.01) and eating rates (P = 0.01) were highest in Selleck Dinaciclib the liquid/straw group. Average intakes over 10 exposures were 575 +/- 260 g for liquid/straw, 475 +/- 192 g for liquid/spoon, and 470 +/- 223 g for semisolid/spoon; average eating rates were 132 +/- 83 g/min for liquid/straw, 106 +/- 53 g/min for liquid/spoon, and 105 +/- 88 g/min for semisolid/spoon. No significant interaction for intake

selleckchem between intervention group, energy density, and repeated exposure was observed, and intakes of the low-and high-energy-dense yogurts did not change over time in any of the intervention groups. Conclusions: We observed no energy intake compensation after repeated exposure to yogurt products. Differences in ad libitum yogurt intake could be explained by eating rate, which was affected by the different means of consumption. This trial was registered with the Dutch trial registration at http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=1853 as NTR1853. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91: 841-7.”
“Background and aims:

Cardiovascular (CV) events occur even when LDL-C are < 100 mg/dL. To improve the detection of CV risk we investigated the apoB/apoA-I ratio versus LDL-C in subjects considered normal glucose tolerant (NGT) by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Methods and results: We enrolled 616 NGT (273 men and selleck chemicals llc 343 women), and we measured insulin resistance, lipid profile, apoB/apoA-I and the factors compounding the metabolic syndrome (MetS). An unfavourable apoB/apoA-I (>= 0.9 for males and >= 0.8 for females) was present in 13.9% of 108 patients with LDL-C < 100 mg/dL: compared to subjects with lower apoB/apoA-I (< 0.9 for males and < 0.8 for females), they had more elements of MetS and their lipid profile strongly correlated with high CV risk. Out of 314 patients with lower apoB/apoA-I, 40.12% had LDL-C >= 130 mg/dL: these retained a more favourable lipid profile than corresponding subjects with elevated apoB/apoA-I ratio. Finally, we found a significant correlation between LDL-C and apoB/apoA-I ratio (rZ0.

We use our Allosteric Network Compiler to examine how allostery can facilitate macromolecular assembly and how competitive ligands can change the observed selleck compound cooperativity of an allosteric protein. We also develop a parsimonious model of G protein-coupled receptors that explains functional selectivity and can predict the

rank order of potency of agonists acting through a receptor. Our methodology should provide a basis for scalable, modular and executable modelling of biochemical networks in systems and synthetic biology.”
“Objectives: Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are commonly used as restorative materials. Responses to GICs differ among cell types and it is therefore of importance to thoroughly investigate the influence of these restorative materials on pulp stem cells that are potential source for dental tissue regeneration.

Eight biomaterials were tested: Fuji I, Fuji II, Fuji

VIII, Fuji IX, Fuji Plus, Fuji Triage, Vitrebond and Composit. We compared their cytotoxic activity on human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) and correlated this activity with the content of Fluoride, Aluminium and Strontium ions in their eluates.

Methods: Elution samples of biomaterials were prepared in sterile tissue culture medium and the medium was tested for toxicity by an assay of cell survival/proliferation (MTT test) and apoptosis (Annexin V FITC Detection Kit). Concentrations of Fluoride, Aluminium and Strontium ions were tested by appropriate methods in the same eluates.

Results: Cell survival ranged between 79.62% (Fuji Triage) to 1.5% (Fuji Plus) and most dead DPSCs were in the stage of late apoptosis. Fluoride SYN-117 cost release correlated with cytotoxicity of GICs, while Aluminium and Strontium ions, present in significant amount in

eluates of tested GICs did not.

Significance: selleck chemical Fuji Plus, Vitrebond and Fuji VIII, which released fluoride in higher quantities than other GICs, were highly toxic to human DPSCs. Opposite, low levels of released fluoride correlated to low cytotoxic effect of Composit, Fuji I and Fuji Triage.”
“The disruption of the circadian system in humans has been associated with the development of chronic illnesses and the worsening of pre-existing pathologies. Therefore, the assessment of human circadian system function under free living conditions using non-invasive techniques needs further research. Traditionally, overt rhythms such as activity and body temperature have been analyzed separately; however, a comprehensive index could reduce individual recording artifacts. Thus, a new variable (TAP), based on the integrated analysis of three simultaneous recordings: skin wrist temperature (T), motor activity (A) and body position (P) has been developed. Furthermore, we also tested the reliability of a single numerical index, the Circadian Function Index (CFI), to determine the circadian robustness.

Conclusions: These findings confirm evidence of the reliability and validity of the CCCI for use in cancer care. Researchers and health-care Batimastat nmr providers can use the instrument to assess cancer patients’ reasons to want complete or limited information and provide tailored care. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.”
“Purpose: Plasma levels of selected hematopoietic cytokines: interleukin 3 (IL-3), stem cell factor (SCF), granulocyte-macrophage

colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and the tumor marker carcinoma antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) in breast cancer (BC) patients were investigated and compared to control groups: benign breast tumor patients and healthy subjects.

Material/Methods: Cytokine levels were determined by ELISA, CA 15-3-using the CMIA method.

Results: A significant differences in the concentration of cytokines (with the exception of IL-3) and CA15-3 between the groups of BC patients, benign breast Nutlin-3 chemical structure tumor patients and the healthy controls have been demonstrated. M-CSF has demonstrated higher or equal to CA 15-3 values of diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and the predictive values of positive and negative test results. The M-CSF area under the ROC curve (AUC) was the largest

from all the cytokines tested and marginally lower than the AUC of CA 15-3.

Conclusion: These findings suggest the usefulness of M-CSF in diagnosing breast

cancer, especially when discriminating between cancer and non-carcinoma lesions.”
“CdS thin films Selinexor concentration of variable thickness (between 160 and 1200 nm) were prepared using rf magnetron sputtering. X-ray diffraction measurements showed that the films have hexagonal structure and that the crystallites are preferentially oriented with the < 002 > axis perpendicular to the substrate surface. The results of electrical conductivity measurements as a function of film thickness and of temperature provide evidence that the conductivity is controlled by a thermally activated mobility in the presence of an intergrain barrier. The room temperature barrier height phi decreases with the increase in film thickness. Values of phi between 0 and 0.25 eV were determined. Photoinduced current transient spectroscopy performed on five samples having different thicknesses showed the presence of 11 traps with activation energies in the range 0.08-1.06 eV; deeper traps being observed on thinner films. By comparison with literature results, seven traps are attributed to native defects and foreign impurities (mainly Cu, Au, and Ag). Four other traps, not previously observed, are attributed to residual defects. The observation that deeper traps are detected in samples with larger barrier heights has been discussed and interpreted in terms of the energy band profile near the grain boundary. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.

Higher concentration of HTPB resulted in larger particles and gave lower mechanical strength values. The incorporation of HTPB into epoxy decreased the dielectric constant and dissipation factor over a wide frequency

range from 1 to 106 Hz, and improved the electrical resistivity. SEM micrographs showed that the modified epoxy exhibited a two-phase morphology where the spherical rubber domains were dispersed in the epoxy matrix. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012″
“Plasma membrane anion transporters play fundamental roles in plant cell biology, especially in stomatal closure and nutrition. Notwithstanding, a lot is still Sapanisertib price unknown about the specific function of these transporters, their specific localization, or molecular nature. Here the fundamental roles of anionic transport in plant cells are reviewed. Special attention will be paid to them in the control of pollen tube growth. Pollen tubes are extreme examples of cellular polarity as they grow exclusively in their apical extremity. Their unique cell biology has been extensively exploited for fundamental understanding of cellular growth and morphogenesis. Non-invasive methods have demonstrated that tube growth is governed by different ion fluxes, with different properties and distribution. Not much is known about the nature of the

membrane transporters responsible for anionic transport and their regulation in the pollen tube. Recent data indicate the importance of

chloride (Cl-) transfer across the plasma membrane CH5424802 ic50 for pollen germination and pollen tube growth. A general overview is presented of the well-known accumulated data in terms of biophysical and functional characterization, transcriptomics, PF-6463922 and genomic description of pollen ionic transport, and the various controversies around the role of anionic fluxes during pollen tube germination, growth, and development. It is concluded that, like all other plant cells so far analysed, pollen tubes depend on anion fluxes for a number of fundamental homeostatic properties.”
“This paper examines theoretically and experimentally the electromechanical behavior of multilayer piezo-actuators for fuel injectors at cryogenic temperatures. A thermodynamic model was employed to predict a monoclinic phase. A shift in the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between the tetragonal and rhombohedral/monoclinic phases with decreasing temperature was determined, and the temperature dependent piezoelectric coefficients were obtained. Temperature dependent coercive electric field was also predicted based on the domain wall energy. A finite element analysis was then performed to calculate the nonlinear electromechanical fields of the multilayer piezo-actuators from room to cryogenic temperatures, due to the shift in the MPB and polarization switching.

Methods: Fifty full-term infants with neonatal jaundice

were included. All patients were subjected to a routine hematologic evaluation, total and indirect serum bilirubin levels, direct Coombs test, qualitative evaluation of G6PD enzyme activity, and detection of G6PD Mediterranean and silent mutations by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique.

Results: There were 21(42%) patients who were G6PD deficient; 29 (58%) had normal activity of the enzyme. Among the G6PD deficient patients, 7/21 (33.3%) had Mediterranean mutation and 6/21 (28.6%) had silent mutation.

Conclusion: Our findings, together with other reports, provide data on the prevalence of the Mediterranean variant in Egyptian infants. Further characterization of the G6PD variants requires molecular studies, including analysis of the entire G6PD coding sequence.”
“Objective: To test the fluorescent brightening PD173074 in vivo (FB) staining

method, in which fungi are grown on cellulose nitrate filter membranes, dried, and rendered transparent with oil after staining with lactophenol cotton blue and to encourage use of FBs to eliminate the need for drying and clearing the membranes, therefore simplifying the procedure and reducing the time to perform it.

Methods: Uvitex 2B (U2B) and 9 calcofluor white (CFW) reagents Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor were used with 25 genera or species of fungi grown on nitrocellulose (NC), nylon (N), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) filter membranes placed on a variety of growth media. For microscopic examination, membranes were removed from the surface of the growth medium and placed on. microscope slides, with a drop of FB added to each; the preparations were then coverslipped and examined via violet light epi-illumination.

Results: With many of the fungi tested, if growth was not completely inhibited, it was restricted on the PVC compared to that on the NC and N membranes and directly on a medium surface. The fluorescence of fungal structures and their contrast with the background were favorable with all 3 types of membranes and all the FBs tested. For staining https://www.sellecn.cn/products/Flavopiridol.html yeasts on membranes from media containing polysorbate 80 (TWEEN 80), U2B is preferable to CFW because

TWEEN 80 interferes with CFW staining.

Conclusion: FB staining of fungi grown on NC or N membrane filters provides a rapid and simple method to examine fungal growth, especially young cultures, with minimal disturbance.”
“The present study was designed to explore the total flavonoid and taxifolin contents and the radical scavenging activity of 50% ethanol extracts of Polygonum orientale leaf, stem and seed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrythydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The extract with higher total flavonoid content has higher radical scavenging activity. Taxifolin (IC50 = 2.83 mu mol/L) has stronger antioxidant activity than that of rutin (IC50 = 3.08 mu mol/L). The free radical scavenging potential of the chloroform, ethyl acetate, water, ethanol and methanol extracts of P.

The study was based on retrospective data from kidney donors during the period 1997-2009. Pre-operative and one-yr follow-up data were available for 721 of 1067 donors. Mean relative increase in creatinine and eGFR were stratified by gender, body mass index (BMI), and age at donation. At one yr post-donation, overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m(2)) women 50 yr or older experienced the lowest eGFR of 49.6 +/- 8.8 mL/min/1.73 m(2). Men younger than 50 yr with normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m(2)) had the highest eGFR of 66.6 +/- 10.4

mL/min/1.73 m(2). Overweight men 50 yr or older had the highest relative increase in creatinine of Tariquidar research buy 49.4% compared to pre-donation. Men under 50 yr with normal weight had the smallest increase in creatinine of 35.2%. In multivariate analysis, older age (p < 0.001), male gender (p < 0.001), and overweight (p = 0.01) were associated with relative increase in creatinine after donation. Potential donors should be offered counseling regarding overweight, as this is a Galunisertib price modifiable risk factor.”
“Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with the adjunctive use of mitomycin-C (MMC) for the treatment of residual refractive error after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) has been shown to be safe and effective, with no occurrences of visually significant postoperative

haze reported We report a case of visually significant haze after PRK with MMC for residual myopia following LASIK

Financial Disclosure: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

J Cataract Refract Surg 2010; 36.1599-1601 (C) 2010 ASCRS and ESCRS”
“The optical properties of metal nanoparticles are explored as a function of lateral size, XL184 concentration shape, aspect-ratio and metal type. Simulations based on the discrete dipole approximation are compared with experimental measurements of arrays of metal nanoparticles fabricated by electron-beam lithography. Careful

selection of experimental parameters ensures minimization of far-field and near-field coupling, and inhomogeneous broadening, thus allowing comparison with single particle simulations. The optical properties of Au nanoparticles are compared with similar Al nanoparticles for each particle type. For solar cell light-trapping applications, we require metal nanoparticles that exhibit extinction peaks near the band-edge region of the absorbing material, as well as low absorption and large optical cross-sections. Al nanoparticles are shown to be of interest for amorphous silicon solar cells, but their applications for polycrystalline solar cells is limited by the presence of an interband region in the near-infrared.

The cured films showed droplet in matrix morphology with different mean droplets size which was influenced by the viscosity and the content of the incorporated HTPDMS. To illustrate the effect of the morphologies of the cured samples on mechanical properties, tensile strength tests were performed. The introduction of HTPDMS into the epoxy altered the tensile behavior according to its viscosity and content. Surface properties of the cured films were evaluated by sessile drop method. The find more results clearly indicate that the hydrophilic surface of

the epoxy turns to a hydrophobic one due to the modification with HTPDMS. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 123: 162-178, 2012″
“Magnetic quartz crystal microbalance is a new instrument that allows determination of magneto-acoustic parameters Pexidartinib of thin magnetic films. The analysis in this paper is based on simple Butterworth-van-Dyke oscillator model. To demonstrate the use of the new instrument, CuNi magnetic alloy has been electroplated on a gold electrode of a quartz crystal microbalance substrate. The magneto-acoustic admittance and magneto-acoustic capacitance of the alloy film were measured in the static magnetic field between 0 and 10.00 kG, at room temperature. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3602998]“
“In

this work, the processing and properties of blown films prepared from thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were studied, in particular at high TPS content. The influence of processing parameters and material moisture content on the tensile properties was also studied. The results show that final film properties are mainly controlled by the draw ratio, blow-up ratio and PCL concentration in the blends. The results also show that PCL/TPS films are less hydrophilic as PCL content increases. Finally, it was found VX-770 mouse that a very narrow processing window exists for this blend. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 123: 179-190, 2012″
“Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the heats of formation

of Fe3Pt, FePt, and FePt3 were determined from the reaction of sputter deposited Fe/Pt multilayer thin-films with a periodicity of 200 nm but different overall compositions. Film compositions were measured by energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry. The phases present along the reaction path were identified by x-ray diffraction. For the most Fe-rich phase, namely, Fe3Pt, the measured enthalpy of formation was 9.3 +/- 1.3 kJ/mol in a film with a composition of 70.4:29.6 (+/-0.2 at. %) Fe:Pt. For FePt, the measured enthalpy of formation was -27.2 +/- 2.2 kJ/g-atom in a 49.0:51.0 (+/-0.5 at. %) Fe:Pt film. For FePt3, which is the most Pt rich intermetallic phase, the measured enthalpy of formation was 23.7 +/- 2.2 in a film with a composition of 22.2:77.8 (+/-0.6 at. %) Fe: Pt. The reaction enthalpies for films with Fe:Pt compositions of 44.5:55.5 (+/-0.3 at. %) and 38.

The cases emphasize the pathophysiology, the clinical picture, the bronchoscopic appearance,

and the response to therapy in laryngeal tuberculosis.”
“P>Cardiovascular mortality in kidney transplant recipients has shown to be substantially elevated particularly in the first year of transplantation. Complex Vactosertib cell line ventricular arrhythmia (VA) has been pointed as one of the etiologies of sudden death. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of VA and to investigate the factors associated with their occurrence in incident kidney transplant recipients. A total of 100 incident kidney transplant recipients were included in the study (39.7 +/- 10.1 years, 55% male, 43.6 +/- 10.1 days of transplantation, 66% living donors). All the patients underwent 24 h electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and multi-slice computed tomography. Thirty percent of the patients had VA. Left ventricular hypertrophy was observed in 57% of the patients while heart failure was found

in 5%. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) was observed in 26 patients, from which 31% had severe calcification. The group of patients with VA TH-302 order was predominantly male, had been on dialysis therapy for a longer time and had more coronary calcification. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, male gender and CAC score were independently associated with the presence of VA. In conclusion, kidney transplant recipients exhibited a high prevalence of VA and the factors associated with its occurrence were the male gender and the presence of CAC.”
“Multimodality treatment of rectal cancer, with the combination of

radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery has become the preferred approach to locally advanced rectal cancer The use of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) has resulted in reduced toxicity rates, significant tumor down-sizing and downstaging, selleckchem better chance of sphincter preservation, and improved functional results A proportion of patients treated with neoadjuvant CRT may ultimately develop complete clinical response Management of these patients with complete clinical response remains controversial and approaches including radical resection, transanal local excision, and observation alone without immediate surgery have been proposed The use of strict selection criteria of patients after neoadjuvant CRT has resulted in excellent long-term results with no oncological compromise after observation alone in patients with complete clinical response Recurrences are detectable by clinical assessment and frequently amenable to salvage procedures”
“We report the first case of myositis and rhabdomyolysis after infection with novel influenza A (H1N1/09) virus. The case demonstrates the novel virus’ capacity for causing significant disease.

Four tocopherols inhibited the invasion as well as the proliferation of AH109A cells. Their inhibitory effects were more prominent: on the invasion than on the proliferation. At 1 mu M, alpha-tocopherol showed most potent anti-invasive activity without any influence on the proliferation. We have previously demonstrated that reactive oxygen species increase the invasion of AH109A cells. alpha-Tocopherol suppressed the reactive oxygen species-induced invasion but failed to suppress

the reactive oxygen species-induced rises in intracellular peroxide level. GF 109203X, a protein kinase C inhibitor, decreased the invasive activity of AH109A cells. In contrast, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, a protein kinase C activator, increased the invasive capacity of AH109A cells. alpha-Tocopherol suppressed the PLX3397 phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced increase in the invasion, and canceled the phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced rises in protein kinase C activity and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. These results suggest that tocopherols, especially LY2109761 datasheet alpha-tocopherol, possess inhibitory effect more strongly on the invasion of AH109A cells than

on the proliferation. They also suggest that the anti-invasive activity of alpha-tocopherol is raised through suppression of PKC/ERK signaling.”
“This article presents a laboratory evaluation of conventional, fundamental, rheological, and morphological characteristics of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) polymer modified bitumens. Polymer modified bitumen (PMB) samples have been produced by mixing a 50/70 penetration grade unmodified (base) bitumen with

SBS and EVA copolymer at different polymer contents. The fundamental viscoelastic properties of the PMBs Tozasertib inhibitor were determined using dynamic (oscillatory) mechanical analysis and presented in the form of temperature and frequency-dependent rheological parameters. The morphology of the samples as well as the percent area distribution of polymers throughout the base bitumen have been characterized and determined by means of fluorescent light optic microscopy and Qwin Plus image analysis software, respectively. The results indicated that polymer modification improved the conventional and rheological properties of the base bitumen. It was also concluded that the temperature and frequency had a significant effect on complex modulus of PMBs. The behavior of EVA and SBS PMBs had exhibited quite difference at 50 degrees C. Moreover, it was found out that at low polymer contents, the samples revealed the existence of dispersed polymer particles in a continuous bitumen phase, whereas at high polymer contents a continuous polymer phase has been observed. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

One patient on adalimumab had an early loss of response and was referred for colectomy.

Conclusions: Microscopic colitis with severe symptoms refractory to standard medical therapy including immunosuppressives is uncommon. In this setting, anti-TNF therapies may be a good option to avoid colectomy. (C) 2011 European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation.

Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The aim of this study was to assess whether environmental enrichment and environmental conditions selleckchem can influence the expression of sickness behaviour. The behaviour in response to injection of lipopolysaccharide or saline was examined in a total of 96 62-weeks old hatchmate hens kept in a free range or cage environment. this website There were eight experimental treatments, each with 12 birds. Half the birds were sourced from a commercial cage layer unit (C/-) and half from a commercial free range unit (FR/-). After intraperitoneal injection with either lipopolysaccharide or saline (as a control), the hens were placed in either a cage (-/C) or free range (-/FR) environment. Lipopolysaccharide caused greater suppression of activity in free range (FR/FR) than in caged hens, including less walking (53%

reduction), roosting (-86%) and preening (-60%) (p < 0.05). Those responses were not observed in caged birds released into free range, nor in free range birds introduced to cages, suggesting that both the presence of and the familiarity with an environment affected sickness behaviour patterns. Increased sleeping was the most consistent response (+147%; p < 0.001), and it was least influenced by environment. It was concluded that free range layer hens can express a greater range of sickness behaviours than caged hens, and this may make it more difficult to recognise disease expression in the caged environment. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: Nuchal translucency (NT) thickness is one of the major screening markers during the first trimester that could be influenced by

several factors. Here, we investigated the association between NT thickness and thyroid related hormones.

Methods: NT thickness was measured with transabdominal ultrasound in 643 pregnant women between 11 and 13 weeks of gestation. Maternal thyroxine (T4), selleck screening library free thyroxine (fT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were evaluated. Bivariate correlations were assessed and thyroid profile was subcategorized with regard to the calculated reference ranges.

Results: An inverse relation was found between serum levels of maternal T4 with NT thickness (r = -0.128, p = 0.001) and CRL (r = -0.168, p<0.001). TSH and hCG were also found to be correlated (Spearman’s correlation coefficient = -0.092, p = 0.019). Prevalence of maternal hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism were 1.1% and 3.7%, respectively.